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FUTURE WILL
2
IF … WILL
9
COMPARATIVES
20
SUPERLATIVES
24
INTENSIFIERS FOR ADJETIVES
34
BE ABLE TO
41
SHOULD – MUST
48
ANY – SOME
54
REFLEXIVES
59
CONTENTS
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VOCABULARY:
FUTURE WILL
1. End
2. Arrive late
3. Be back
4. be home
5. move
6. open an account
7. get up
8. bring
9. tell a story
10. reach
11. lift the box
12. Pray
UNIT 1
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GRAMMAR FLASH
Future Will
Positive
Contraction
I will
I'll
You will
you'll
He will
he'll
She will
she'll
It will
it'll
We will
we'll
You will
you'll
They will
they'll
Negative
Contraction
I will not
I won't
You will not
you won't
He will not
he won't
She will not
she won't
It will not
it won't
We will not
we won't
You will not
you won't
They will not
they won't
Will you be home this weekend?
- Yes, I Will.
- No, I won´t.
Will she tell me the truth?
- Yes, she Will.
- No, she won´t.
DRILLS
Teacher
Students
I will be home at 7 p.m.
She
. . .
I will be home at 7 p.m.
They
. . .
We
. . .
You
. . .
Question
. . .
Will
Affirmative
. . .
Yes,
Negative
. . .
No,
Study in the house
. . .
Lift the box
. . .
Reach the cookie jar
. . .
Question
. . .
Affirmative
. . .
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CHAT TIME
Will you call me this week?
No, I won’t
When will you call me?
I’ll call you next week
1. Grandpa, will you tell me a story? 2. Will he reach the cookie jar?
Yes, ………………………………….. No, ……………………………….
ORAL PRACTICE
ASK YOUR CLASSMATES FOR FUTURE ACTIVITIES BY LOOKING AT THE VOCABULARY
ON PAGE 2 BEGINNING WITH WILL…
- Will he arrive to the airport on time?
- Will he be back soon?
- Will he open an account?
- Will they move to another place this year?
ASK YOUR CLASSMATES FOR HIS/HER PERSONAL FUTURE ACTIVITIES
BEGINNING WITH WILL…
- Will you be home this weekend?
- Will you come to class tomorrow?
- Will your mother cook for you tomorrow?
- Will you do the homework?
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WH QUESTIONS WITH WILL
A. What will you do this weekend?
B. I´ll move to another neigborhood.
A. Where will you move to?
B. I´ll move to Bella Vista.
ORAL PRACTICE
ASK YOUR CLASSMATES FOR FUTURE ACTIVITIES BY LOOKING AT THE VOCABULARY
ON PAGE 2 BEGINNING WITH A WH QUESTION…
- What time will he get up tomorrow?
- What will he try to reach?
- Where will she be this weekend?
-
ASK YOUR CLASSMATES FOR HIS/HER PERSONAL FUTURE ACTIVITIES
BEGINNING WITH A WH QUESTION AND WILL…
- What will you this coming weekend?
- Where will you go next vacation?
- What time will you be here tomorrow?
- When will you visit me?
- Why will he bring her a present?
ORAL ACTIVITY
Go around the classroom and find out the following information.
Ask a student: Will you be having dinner at 6 p.m. this evening?
If they answer 'No, I won't', repeat the question with other students
until one of them says 'Yes, I will'.
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'Where will you be having dinner?' 'Who will you be having dinner with?'
Put their answers in the 'More information' column.
You can only have the same name once.
Find someone who...
Name
More information
...will be having dinner at 6 p.m. this evening
Find out where and with who
...will probably go out this weekend
Find out where and why
...would like to become a teacher in the future
Find out why
...is meeting a friend after class
Find out who and where
...is going to travel abroad this year
Find out where and why
...will have gone to bed by 10 p.m this
evening
Find out why
...will be using a computer this evening
Find out why
...is going away next weekend
Find out where and with who
...would like to live in another country
Find out where and why
...will move to a new house next year
Find out where and why
...thinks they will get married in
the next five years
Find out why
...is getting up early tomorrow
Find out what time and why
...is going to play sport in the next few days
Find out what sport and where
...thinks they will have more than two children
in the future
Find out why
...is going to buy a new mobile phone soon
Find out why
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TRY THIS
Fill in the blank with the correct for of the verb, present, past or future:
VERB REVIEW: Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses.
1. Right now, Anita (sit) Is sitting at her desk.
2. She (do, not) homework. She (write) a letter to her parents.
3. She (write) to her parents every week.
4. She (write, not) a letter every day.
5. Her parents (expect, not) to get a letter every day.
6. Last night Anita (write) a letter to her brother. Then she
(Start) to write a letter to her sister.
7. While Anita was writing a letter to her sister last night, her phone (ring)
It (be) her sister.
Anita (finish, not) the letter to her sister last night.
After she (talk) to her sister, she (go) to
bed.
9.
Tomorrow she (write) a letter to her cousin in Brazil.
10.
Anita (write, not) a letter to her parents tomorrow.
11.
(You, write) a letter to someone every day?
12.
(You, write) a letter to someone yesterday?
13.
(You, write) a letter to someone tomorrow?
Arrive to the bank at 8 a.m.
Go to work by bus
ORAL ACTIVITY
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Have lunch with his boss at 1 p.m. Have a meeting at 3 p.m.
Go out for a drink at 6:30 Rest in the house from 8 p.m. or …
WRITING ACTIVITY
Using the pictures, tell the activities Tom will do tomorrow.
Use the pictures, to write the activity he did yesterday.
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VOCABULARY
IF … WILL
FIND THE MEANING OF THE UNDERLINE WORDS AND MATCH THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT PICTURE.
If he runs, he will
catch the bus.
If she studies
hard, she will get
better grades.
If they win the
lottery, they will
go on vacation.
If he does too
much exersice, he
will be tired.
If she has money,
she will buy a
house.
If I polish my
shoes, they will
shine.
If he plays on the
street, he will
break a window.
If you wash your
car, it will be
clean.
UNIT 2
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DRILLS
Teacher Students
If I have money, I will travel If I have money, I will travel.
She . . . If she has money, she will travel.
They . . .
We . . .
I . . .
Stay home/watch T.V. . . .
Play soccer / be tired . . .
CHAT TIME
A. What will you do if you have a car?
B. If I have a car a I will go out with
My friends
PEER WORK
ASK YOUR CLASSMATE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE FUTURE. USE THE PICTURES FROM PAGE 9.
A. What do you think it will happen if you study hard?
B. If I study hard, I will get good grades.
A. And if you don’t study hard?
B. If I don’t study hard enough, I won´t get good
grades, I´ll get bad grades.
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C. What do you think it will happen if .…?
D. If …………………………………………………………….
C. And if you don’t ……………….………………….?
D. If ……………………………………………………………
SUPERSTITIONS
People around the world have many different superstitions.
They believe they will have good or bad luck if…
Don't Go Right Home After a Funeral
A Filipino tradition called "pagpag" dictates that people
never go straight back to the house after a funeral.
Otherwise a bad spirit might tag along and come inside.
Mourners will make a stop at a restaurant or store first just
in case.
Whistling Indoors Invites Evil
Whistling while you work may be an issue in Lithuania where it's
forbidden to whistle indoors because the noise is believed
to summon(convocar) demons.
Keep Your New Shoes Off the Table
In Britain, it's considered bad luck because it is supposed to
symbolize the death of a loved one. Back in the day, placing
someone's shoes on a table was a way to let their family know
that they passed away. Nowadays, it's also just bad etiquette
Itchy Hands Have Financial Repercussions
In Turkey, an itchy right hand means you'll come into some
money but an itch on your left means you'll lose money.
Stepping in Dog Poop Isn't Necessarily Bad
This one seems unlucky all around but just go with it.
Stepping in dog poop is actually considered good luck in
France if you do it with your left foot. It's only bad luck if
you step with your right foot.
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BAD LUCK/ WALK UNDER A LADDER
Some believe that they will have bad luck if
they walk under a ladder.
BAD LUCK/ BREKA A MIRROW
FINDA A CLOVER
WRITING
ACTIVITY
TRY THIS
Continue the story using if … will
If I study hard , I will pass my exam
If I pass my exam, I will go to college
If ,
If ,
If ,
If ,
If ,
If ,
If ,
If ,
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HOMEWORK
READING ACTIVITY
Future Living
Think and Discuss
1. How do you think life will be different 50 years from now?
How about in 100 years?
2. Do you think we will live on other planets someday?
Why, or why not?
Making Predictions
In 1900, an American engineer, John Watkins, made some predictions about life in 2000. Many of
his predictions were correct. Among other things, Watkins predicted television, mobile phones, and
digital photographs. However, predictions are often very difficult to get right. Here are some
examples:
“The telephone [cannot] be seriously considered as a means of communication.”
— Western Union memo, 1876 “I have no faith in [flying machines] other than ballooning.”
— William Thomson, British scientist, 1899 “All the calculations . . . in this country could be done on
three digital computers. No one else would ever need machines of their own, or would be able to
afford to buy them.”
A. Look at the information in “Making Predictions” and answer the questions.
1. What past predictions were correct?
2. What past predictions were incorrect?
B. Look at the information in “What Will Life Be Like in 2025?” and answer the questions.
1. What predictions for 2025 are likely to happen, in your opinion?
2. What predictions for 2025 are not likely to happen? Why not?
What Will Life Be Like in 2025?
Here are some experts’ predictions for life in 2025:
• Most cars will be electric, and they will drive by themselves.
• Most of our energy will come from the sun, not oil.
• People will be able to record and replay their memories.
• Most families will own a robot.
• Some robots will have rights, such as the right to own property or run a business.
Building Vocabulary. Find the words and phrases in the reading.
Read the words around them and try to guess their meanings. Then complete the sentences.
keep track of
link
network
pattern
temperature
1. The _______________________________on Mars is much lower than on Earth.
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2. A ______________________________connects all the computers in a computer lab.
3. Some people use the calendar in their phone to _________________their appointments.
4. Some people prefer a striped________________________ on their walls; others prefer
plain walls instead.
5. You can____________________ your computer with the Internet using a cable, or you can
connect wirelessly
Predicting. Scan the reading passage quickly. Underline five sentences with will.
What do you think the passage is about?
a. schools in the future b. offices in the future c. homes in the future
How Will We Live?
A.
Picture this: You wake up in the morning. A soft light turns on in
your room. You go into the bathroom and the shower starts. The
water is the perfect temperature. After your shower, you go into
the kitchen. Your favorite breakfast is already cooked, and it’s on
the table, ready to eat. Now it’s time to go to work. It’s a rainy
day. You live alone, but you find that your umbrella and hat are
already by the door. How is all this possible? Welcome to your
future life!
Appliances That Talk
B.
Technology will allow homes in the future to be “smart.” Appliances
will communicate with each other—and with you. Your stove, for
instance, will tell you when your food is cooked and ready to eat.
Refrigerators will suggest recipes based on food items you already
have.
C.
The technology is possible because of tiny information-storing devices called RFID1 chips.
People already use them to keep track of pets and farm animals. Future RFID chips will store
information about all the items in your cabinets.2 For example, they will record the date that you
bought each item. Other devices will “read” this information using radio waves. When you need
more food, your cabinets will tell you to buy it.
Houses That Think
D.
Are you tired of the color or pattern of your walls? In a smart home, you won’t have to repaint
them. The walls will actually be digital screens, like computer or TV screens. The technology is
called OLED,3 and it’s here already. OLEDs are tiny devices that use electricity to light things.
You can find the same technology in today’s thin TV screens. OLED walls will become clear, like
windows, or display colors and patterns, like walls.
E.
A computer network will link these walls with everything else in your house. Called “ambient4
intelligence,” this computer “brain” will control your entire house. It will also adapt to your
preferences. Your house will learn about your likes and dislikes. It will then use that knowledge to
control the environment. For example, it will set the heat in the house to your favorite
temperature. It will turn on the shower at the right temperature. It will also darken the windows at
night and lighten them when it’s time to wake up.
Robots That Feel?
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F.
But how about your cooked breakfast, and the umbrella and hat
you found by the door? For those, you can thank your robot helper.
Futurologists predict that many homes will have robots in the future.
Robots already do many things such as building cars and vacuuming
floors. But scientists today are starting to build friendlier,
more intelligent robots—ones that people will feel more comfortable having around in the house.
G.
Sociable robots will be able to show feelings with their faces, just like humans. They will smile
and frown, make eye contact, and speak. These robots will do work around the house such as
cooking and cleaning. They will even take care of children and the elderly.
H.
How soon will this smart home be a reality? There’s a good chance it will be a part of your life in
25 or 30 years, perhaps sooner. Much of the technology is already here.
Identifying Main Ideas. Look back at the reading. Match each main idea below to a paragraph
from the reading (A–H).
1. An electronic system called “ambient intelligence” will control an entire house._______
2. RFID technology will allow parts of the house to communicate with us.___________
3. OLED screens will change the way your walls look.________
4. Intelligent homes may be a part of our everyday life within 30 years.___________
5. Robots that act like humans will do housework and take care of people.__________
Identifying Key Details. Read each statement below. Then circle T for true and F for
false, according to the reading. Correct the false statements.
Appliances That Talk
1. Someday, kitchen cabinets will tell you it’s time to buy more food. T F
2. RFID chips are already used today for keeping track of children. T F
Houses That Think
3. People will change their wall patterns using RFID technology. T F
4. Darkening windows at night is an example of ambient intelligence. T F
Robots That Feel?
5. Scientists are building robots that can help take care of elderly people. T F
6. Robots will soon be more intelligent and sociable than humans. T F
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Critical Thinking: Evaluating Attitude. Work with a partner.
First, circle the words to complete this sentence.
The author of the reading seems positive (optimistic) / negative (pessimistic) about the future.
Find examples that support your answer. Look for words and phrases the writer uses
to describe the scene in the opening paragraph.
Does the description make life sound pleasant or unpleasant?
Look at how the writer describes appliances, houses, and robots.
Does the writer make these devices sound practical (useful) or impractical (not useful)?
Now discuss this question with your partner: Do you agree with the writer’s attitude
about the future? Why, or why not?
Personalizing. Discuss answers to these questions in a small group.
1. Which future technologies in the reading would you like to have in your home?
2. Are there other household technologies you would like to have?
DEVELOPING READING SKILLS
Reading Skill: Understanding Pronoun Reference
Pronouns usually refer to nouns that appear earlier in a text. The pronoun may refer to a noun
earlier in the sentence, or in a previous sentence. It’s important to understand which noun a
pronoun refers to.
Subject pronouns usually refer back to subjects in sentences:
Your favorite breakfast is already cooked, and it’s on the table, ready to eat.
Subject subject pronoun
Object pronouns usually refer back to objects in sentences:
When you need more food, your cabinets will tell you to buy it.
Subject subject pronoun
Matching.
Underline the subject and object pronouns in the following paragraph about Wakamaru. Then
draw an arrow to the noun that each pronoun refers to.
Engineers in Japan built a sociable robot named Wakamaru. They designed Wakamaru to help
and serve people in a friendly, caring, and intelligent way. Wakamaru can recognize faces and
use gestures. It knows 10,000 words and can use them to talk to people about the weather and
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other subjects. Wakamaru can do many tasks for a family. For example, at night, it moves quietly
around the house, but it can wake family members up if there is any trouble. During the day,
Wakamaru can also send them email and text messages.
Understanding Pronoun Reference.
Find these sentences in the reading. Write the word(s) that each underlined pronoun refers to.
1. Paragraph C: People already use them to keep track of pets and farm animals.
them =_______________________
2. Paragraph C: For example, they will record the date that you bought each item.
they =_______________________
3. Paragraph D: The technology is called OLED, and it’s here already.
it = _________________________
4. Paragraph G: They will smile and frown, make eye contact, and speak.
They = _______________________
REVIEW 1
ACTIVITY 5.1
Combine the ideas of the two sentences into one sentence by using a time
clause. Use the word in parentheses to introduce the time clause.
1.
(after) First: I’m going to finish my homework
Then: I’m going to go to bed
After I finish my homework, I’m going to go to bed.
OR: I’m going to bed after I finish my homework
2.
(then) First: I’m going to write a letter
Then: I’m going to go to bed
3.
(when) First: I’m going to go to Chicago next week
Then: I’m going to visit the art museum
4.
(after) First: I’ll go to the drug store
Then: I’ll go to the post office
5.
(before) First: Ann will finish her homework
Then: She will watch TV tonight
6.
(after) First: Jim will get home this evening
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Then: He’s going to read the newspaper
7.
(when) First: I’ll call John tomorrow
Then: I’ll ask him to my party
8.
(as soon as) First: The rain will stop
Then: The children are going to go outside and play
9.
(as soon as) First: The teacher will get here
Then: Class will begin
10.
(before) First: The Robertson’s will get some
travellers’ checks Then: They will leave
on vacation
11.
(as soon as) First: I will get home tonight
Then: I’m going to take a hot bath
12.
(when) First: I’m going to go shopping tomorrow
Then: I’m going to buy a new pair of shoes
ACTIVITY 5.2
Complete the following sentences with your own words.
1. I’m going to eat dinner before I . . .
2. As soon as I get home tonight, I . . .
3. I’m going to call my friend after I . . .
4. My life will be easy after I . . .
5. Before I go to bed tonight, I . . .
6. When I’m in Florida next month, I . . .
7. I’ll call you as soon as I . . .
8. I’m going to visit my aunt and uncle when
ACTIVITY 5.3
Make sentences from the given possibilities. Use if and add
your own ideas.
Example: Maybe you’ll go downtown tomorrow
Response: If I go downtown tomorrow, (I’m going to buy some new
clothes / I’m going to go to a department store / I can go to
the post office, etc)
1.
Maybe it’ll be nice tomorrow
2.
Maybe it’ll be hot / cold tomorrow
3.
Maybe it won’t be nice / hat / cold tomorrow
4.
Maybe it’ll rain tomorrow
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5.
Maybe it won’t rain tomorrow
6.
Maybe you’ll be tired tonight
7.
Maybe you won’t be tired tonight
8.
Maybe you’ll have enough time tomorrow
9.
Maybe you’ll have some free time tomorrow
10.
Maybe you won’t be in class tomorrow
11.
Maybe you’ll be hungry after class
12.
Maybe you’ll go to ( name of a local place ) tomorrow
13.
Maybe you won’t have enough money to buy (something) when you go
shopping tomorrow
14.
Maybe ( . . . ) will call ( . . . ) on the phone tonight
ACTIVITY 5.4
Following is a review of time clauses and “if – clauses”. Complete the sentences
by using a form of the words in parentheses. Read carefully for time expressions.
1.
a. Before Tom (go) goes to bed, he always (brush) _brushes_ his teeth
b.
Before Tom (go) to bed later
tonight, he (write) a letter to his girlfriend
c.
Before Tom (go)
a shower
to bed last night, he (take)
d.
While Tom (take) a shower last night, the phone
(ring)
e.
As soon as the phone (ring) last night, Tom
(jump) out of the shower to answer it
f.
As soon as Tom (get) up tomorrow morning, he
(brush) his teeth
g.
Tom always (brush) his teeth as soon as he
(get) up
2.
a. After I (get) home from school every afternoon,
I usually (drink) a cup of tea
b. After I (get) home from school tomorrow afternoon,
I (drink) a cup of tea
c. After I (get) home from school yesterday, I (drink)
a cup of tea
d. While I (drink) a cup of tea yesterday afternoon,
my neighbour (come)
her a cup of tea, too
over, so I (offer)
e. My neighbour (drop) over again tomorrow.
When she (come) , I (make)
a cup of tea for her.
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COMPARATIVES
VOCABULARY
1. Cute
2. Delicious
3. Lazy
4. Polite
5. Exacting
6. Fashionable
7. Hot / spicy
8. Soft
9. Talkative
10. Intelligent / smart
11. Fancy
12. Friendly
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
UNIT 3
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GRAMMAR FLASH
Comparatives
I am like my father
I look like my father
My father and I are alike
We look just the same.
Mary is as beautiful as Patty.
They are the same.
They are a like.
They look alike.
This car is as ………… as the other one.
………………………………………
………………………………………
……………………………………..
ASK YOUR CLASSMATE
- Are you as tall as your mother?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
- Who do you look like?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
- Is Colombia as big as Ecuador?
- ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
- Do people from Colombia eat the same food as the people from Canada?
- ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
- Is the color of your hair same as the color as of your mothers hair.?
- ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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CHAT TIME
A. I think you’ll like my new dog
B. But I think, it isn’t as friendly as
your Old dog.
A. No, it isn’t. It’s much friendlier.
A. I think you’ll like my new girlfriend.
B. But I think, she isn’t as beautiful as Your
old girlfriend.
A. No, she isn’t. She’s much more beautiful
A. I think you’ll like my new_____________________.
B. But I think, it isn’t as _____________as
Your old ______________________.
B. No, it isn’t. it’s much more ______________
TRY THIS
Complete the sentences with like and alike.
1.
You and I have similar books. In other words, your book is like mine. Our books are alike
2.
Mr. Chang and I have similar coats. In other words, Mr. Chang's coat is
mine. Our coats are .
3.
Ken and Sue have similar cars. In other words, their cars are
4.
You and I have similar hats. In other words, your hat is mine.
5.
A town is a city in some ways.
6.
A foot and a hand are in some ways, but different in other
ways.
7.
A dormitory and an apartment building are in many ways.
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8.
A motorcycle is a bicycle in some ways.
Fill in the blanks with the comparative form.
Complete the sentences. Use the COMPARATIVE form of the words in italics.
The weather today is _
it was vesterdav.
The weather vesterdav was
it is todav.
This storv is
that storv.
This book is
that book.
Joe is
his brother.
A movie star is
I am.
A highwav is
an allev.
The Pacific Ocean is
the Mediterranean Sea.
This storv is
that storv.
Thailand is
Korea.
A giraffe's neck is
an elephant's neck.
Mv house is
from downtown
vour house is.
Reading a good book is
watching televisión.
Mv English class is
mv historv class.
The groom was
1.
good
2.
bad
3.
funny
4.
interesting
5.
smart
6.
famous
7.
wide
8.
deep
9.
confusing
10.
hot
11.
thin
12.
far
13.
good
14.
easy
15.
nervous
at the wedding the bride.
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READING ACTIVITY
BROWNSVILLE
The Taylor family lived in Brownsville for many years. And for many years, Brownsville
was a very good place to live. The streets were clean, the parks were safe, the bus
system was reliable, and the schools were good.
But Brownsville changed. Today the streets aren't as clean as they used to be. The
parks aren't as safe as they used to be. The bus system isn't as reliable as it used to
be. And the schools aren't as good as they used to be.
Because of the changes in Brownsville, the Taylor family moved to Newport last year.
In Newport the streets are cleaner, the parks are safer, the bus system is more
reliable, and the schools are better. The Taylors are happy in Newport, but they were
happier in Brownsville. Although Newport has cleaner streets, safer parks, a more
reliable bus system, and better schools, Brownsville has friendlier people. They're
nicer, more polite, and more hospitable than the people in Newport.
The Taylors miss Brownsville. Even though they're now living in Newport, Brownsville
will always be their real home.
READING CHECK-UP
The people of Brownsville are calling Mayor Brown's radio talk show. They're upset about
Brownsville's streets, parks, bus system, and schools. Using this model and the story, call Mayor
Brown.
A.
This is Mayor Brown. You're on the air.
B.
Mayor Brown, I'm very upset about the
Streets here in Brownsville.
A.
Why do you say that?
B.
They aren't as clean as they used to be.
A.
Do you really think so?
B.
Definitely! You know . . . they say the streets
in Newport are cleaner.
A. I’ll see what I can do. Thank you for calling.
Página 24
U
U
N
N
I
I
T
T
4
4
1 2
SUPERLATIVES
5 6
9 10
11 12
13 14 15
1. Cute
2. Pretty
3. Noisy
4. Rude
5. Long
6. Comfortable
7. Beautiful
8. Interesting
9. Intelligent
10. Attractive
11. Capable
12. Wide
13. Healthy
14. Stubborn
15. Obnoxious
3
4
8
7
Página 25
GRAMMAR FLASH
One-syllable Adjectives
To form the comparative, we add -er to the end of the adjective.
To form the superlative, we add -est to the end of the adjective.
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
small
smaller
the smallest
cold
colder
the coldest
light
lighter
the lightest
wide *
wider
the widest
hot **
hotter
the hottest
• London is bigger than Santiago.
• Mike is taller than John but James is the tallest.
• Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.
• It is the oldest building in the village.
• I want a faster car.
Two-syllable Adjectives ending in -Y
To form the comparative, we remove the -y and add -ier to the end of the
adjective.
To form the superlative, we remove the -y and add -iest to the end of the
adjective.
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
crazy
crazier
the craziest
happy
happier
the happiest
early
earlier
the earliest
• It was the happiest day of my life.
• My joke was funnier than your one.
• This section is easier than the rest.
Adjectives with Two or more Syllables
For Adjectives with 2 syllables (that don't end in -y) and higher (3, 4 syllables etc),
we use more for comparatives and the most for superlatives.
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
handsome
more handsome
the most handsome
nervous
more nervous
the most nervous
enthusiastic
more enthusiastic
the most enthusiastic
• My girlfriend is more beautiful than yours.
Página 26
• Alex is more intelligent than you but I am the most intelligent.
• It was the most wonderful day I have ever had.
Some exceptions with two-syllable adjectives ending in -er and -est:
narrow - narrower, simple - simpler, quiet - quieter
Irregular Forms
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
good
better
the best
bad
worse
the worst
far ***
further / farther
the furthest / farthest
little
less
the least
many/much
more
the most
old ****
older/elder
the oldest / eldest
• I am a better tennis player than you but Marcelo is the best.
• Steve is a worse liar than me but Adrian is the worst.
*** Farther - Further
Further / farther, furthest / farthest are all used for distance.
Only Further / furthest are used to mean 'additional' or 'more advanced'.
• If you require further information, please contact reception.
Remember that the opposites of 'more' and 'most' are 'less' and 'least',
respectively.
**** Older - Eldest
We use elder / eldest when we are talking about family relationships and normally
only before a noun (not by itself unless it is a pronoun).
• He is my elder brother.
(We cannot say: My brother is elder than me. - incorrect)
• The eldest sister would pass on her dresses to the younger one.
Comparative and Superlative of ILL
When comparing how ill people are, you will normally hear worse or the worst and
not "iller or illest". Some people may prefer to replace ill with sick (sicker, sickest)
when comparing.
Página 27
CHAT TIME
A.
You know, Peter’s dog is very friendly
B.
* It sure is, It’s the friendliest dog
* I’ve ever known.
A. You know, I think teacher Wilton is very
Intelligent.
B. You’re right; He’s the mos intelligent
teacher, I”ve ever known.
I’ve ever had.
I’ve ever seen
I’ve ever met
C. You know, I think _____________________
_____________________________________________.
D. You’re right; ___________________________,
I”ve ever known.
I’ve ever had.
I’ve ever seen
I’ve ever met
MICKE/
Stubborn
COWORKER / Obnoxious
E. You know, I think ______________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
F. You’re right; ___________________________,
I”ve ever known.
I’ve ever had.
I’ve ever seen
I’ve ever met
Work with your classmate. Look at the vocabulary given on page 24 and follow the dialogues.
1. Woman / Attractive 2. These dogs / cute 3. Monument / interesting
4. House / big 5. Peter and Mike’s room/disorganize 6. Chair confortable
Página 28
Write the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives below.
Adjective
Comparative
Superlative
cheap
cheaper
cheapest
beautiful
more beautiful
most beautiful
pretty
easy
big
light
heavy
fast
reliable
slow
new
dry
happy
old
nice
compact
tasty
bitter
advanced
suitable
warm
Página 29
A. Complete the questions and answers with comparatives and superlatives.
1. A: What is the place you've ever been to? (interesting)
B: I've ever been to is
.
2. A: What is building you've ever been in? (tall)
B: I've ever been in is
.
3. A: Which is
,
the Sahara desert or the Gobi desert? (large)
B: The is
.
4. A: Who is
,
Lady Gaga or Madonna?
(famous) B: is
.
5. A: Which country has a population, China or India? (large)
B: has
.
6. A: Which fruit has a smell, bananas or grapes? (strong)
B: have
.
7. A: What is problem in the world today? (big)
B: The is
.
8. A: Which is , Mount Everest or K2? (high)
B: is
.
B. Which one do you prefer? Explain your answers using comparative sentences.
Página 30
Which house would you choose and why?
A. B.
$250,000 $25,000
Which car is better and why?
A. B.
$20,000 $15,000
Which watch would you like to have and why?
A. B.
$250 $225
Página 31
HOMEWORK
Geography facts
What do you know about these countries and places?
Use:
Dry
Long
Cold
Deep
High
Salty
Large
Small
Wet
The Western Deep Gold Mine is the deepest mine in the world.
1 The Pacific Ocean is ________________ocean in the world.
2 Asia is ______________________continent in the world.
3 Mount Everest is _________________ mountain in the world.
4 The Atacama Desert is _________________ desert in the world.
5 Columbia is _______________________country in the world.
6 Australia is ______________________continent in the world.
7 The Nile is ______________________________river is the world.
8 Antarctica is ________________________continent in the world.
9 The Vatican City is _____________________country in the world.
10 The Dead Sea is ____________________sea in the world.
In your country
With a partner ask and answer these questions about your country in full sentences.
Follow Nick and Jenny's example.
NICK Which is the biggest city in England?
JENNY London is the biggest city in England.
JENNY Which is the longest river in England?
Página 32
NICK The River Severn is the longest river in England.
Which is ...
1
The biggest city?
2
The longest river?
3
The highest mountain?
4
The largest island, lake or desert?
5
The oldest building?
6
The largest airport?
7
Usually the hottest month?
8
Usually the coldest month?
9
Usually the wettest month?
10
Usually the driest month?
REVIEW 1
ACTIVITY 5.6
Compare the people of your country to Americans (in general). Give your
own opinion.
Example: Drive well
Mexicans drive better than Americans
1.
Run fast ………………………………………………………………………………...
2.
Gossip a lot …………………………………………………………………………….
3.
Work hard ………………………………………………………………………………
4.
Drive well ……………………………………………………………………………….
Página 33
5.
Drive fast ………………………………………………………………………………..
6.
Spend a lot ……………………………………………………………………………
7.
Take care of children well …………………………………………………………..
8.
Smoke a lot …………………………………………………………………………..
9.
Worry a lot ……………………………………………………………………………
10.
Drink a lot (alcohol) …………………………………………………………………
ACTIVITY 5.7
Use the adjective to compare the first two nouns. Then talk about all three nouns with
the superlative
Example: Cold – February, March, January
February is colder than March
February is the coldest of the three
1.
Fast – a train, a car, a plane
2.
Expensive – a car, a bike, a truck
3.
Economical – a car, a truck, a motorcycle
4.
Big – the United States. Mexico, the Soviet Union
5.
Crowded – Chicago, San Diego, Tokyo
6.
Far – Paris, Mexico City, Tokyo
ACTIVITY 5.8
Ask a question with the words given. Follow the pattern in the example.
Example: run fast – a horse, a dog, a tiger
A: Which animal runs the fastest: a horse, a dog, or a tiger?
B: A tiger runs the fastest
1.
Live long – a cat, a pig, an elephant
2.
Eat a lot - a tiger, a bird, a dog
3.
Fly high – a bee, a mosquito, a bird
4.
Move slow – a cat, a mouse, a turtle
5.
Stay under water long – a dolphin, a whale, a fish
6.
Jump high – a dog, a frog, a mouse
Página 34
INTENSIFIERS FOR ADJECTIVES
VOCABULARY
1. Short / tall
2. Fast / slow
3. tired / energetic
4. weak / strong
5. Careless / careful
6. expensive / cheap
1
2
2
2
2
UNIT 5
3
5
4
6
Página 35
GRAMMAR FLASH TOO / ENOUGH
Ali is too short to play basketball.
He isn’t tall enough to play basketball.
He is very fast. He can win the race.
He’s fast enough to win the race
The weights are very heavy. He can’t lift
them.
HE isn’t _______________________.
He walks on the street very carelessly.
______________________________
(too, careless)
______________________________
(enough, careful)
ORAL PRACTICE
Work with your classmate. Look at the vocabulary on page 34 and
make and statement with TOO or ENOUGH
Página 36
DRILLS
Teacher Students
He’s very strong (exaggeration) He’s too strong
(Not sufficient) He isn’t strong enough
She’s very pretty (exaggeration)
(Not sufficient) . . .
They speak very loud (exaggeration)
(Not sufficient) . . .
She works very hard (exaggeration)
(Not sufficient) . . .
How does he work?
He works too slow or
He doesn’t work fast enough
How do they drive? (careful/careless)
CHAT TIME
This is such a cute dog,
but it’s too Lazy.
Yeah, you’re right, it isn’t
energetic enough
Página 37
C.
This is such a nice old car, but it’s
____________ slow.
D.
Yeah, you’re right, it isn’t _______
______________.
A.
This is such a beautiful house, but
it’s ____________ expensive.
B.
Yeah, you’re right, it
isn’t _______
______________.
A. She is such a good looking
girl, but she is ________ rude.
B. Yeah, you are right, she isn’t
________________________________
(polite)
Good student /selfish/nice
I think she is a good
student but she is
TOO selfish, she
isn’t nice enough.
Talented boy/noisy/quiet
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
cute girlfriend/ jealous/comprehensive
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
Cute dog/ naughty/obedient
_______________
_______________
______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
Página 38
COMPLETE THE TEXT WITH THE WORDS IN THE BOX.
enough too small doesn’t enough too attractive
Priscilla is thinking: “Oh no! He definitely
isn’t (1) _________________________ for
me. Look at that stomach! He’s (2)
____________________________ heavy.
He clearly doesn’t do (3)
_________________________ exercise.
And I don’t like his clothes. They’re too (4)
_________________________, and they’re
not clean. Mmm, but he’s got a lot of gold...”
Eddie is thinking:”Oh no! It’s Priscilla.
She’s (5) ________________________
boring for me –she doesn’t like music and
she (6) _________________________ go to
enough parties. And she’s underweight. She
doesn’t eat (7) ____________________
icecream. Mmm, but she’s got a pretty face...”
NOW TRY THIS
Too or enough?
Put in too or enough with the adjective in brackets ( ) .
Trig can't get through the fence. He's too fat_ _ (fat).
Trig can't climb over the fence. He isn't bi g enough (big).
1
Trig gets stuck on the slide because he's __ __ __ _ __ _ ___ (fat).
2
Trig can't reach the cake on the table because he isn't __ _ __ (tall).
3
Trig mustn't swing on the lamp because he's __ _ __ _ ___ (heavy).
4
Nick can't lift the piano because he isn't __ __ __ __ (strong).
5
Nick didn't win the race because he was ___ __ __ _ (slow).
6
Jenny is cross with Trig because he isn't __ __ __ __ (polite).
7
Jenny can't play football because she can't kick __ __ _ __ ' (hard).
8
Chip can't catch Fluff because he can't run ___ __ _ __ (fast).
Página 39
HOMEWORK
READING
CHOOSE THE RIGHT OPTION.
Before there was Zara or Mango, there was Biba. In the 1960s, Biba was
one of the most popular / more popular than / too popular
shops in London. At that time, Mary Quant was a popular fashion
designer in London, but her clothes were not expensive enough /
more expensive than / too expensive for most teenagers. Then in
1964, clothing designer Barbara Hulanicki opened the shop Biba. Biba’s
clothing was as trendy as / the trendiest / trendy enough the
clothing at Mary Quant, but it was also as cheap as / the cheapest
/ cheaper than Mary Quant’s clothing. The clothing at Biba was for
teenagers and young people. Women over 30 were the oldest / too
old / not old enough for Biba clothing. Biba’s shop also became a
popular place for celebrities to meet. Biba became one of the
biggest / bigger than / big enough tourist attractions in London. It
was the most popular / more popular than / less popular than
Marks and Spencer or Harrods. Then in 1970, Biba became a
department store, but for Barbara the business was too big / big
enough / the biggest. In 1975, she closed the shop. Although Biba
has been gone for 35 years, people still remember Biba as the best
/ better than / as good as shop from the sixties.
Página 40
Complete the sentences. Use too or enough. Use the words in parentheses.
1.
(Young, old) Susie can't go to school. She's too young . She's not old enough
2.
(Laud, soft) I can't hear the music. It's . It's not
3.
(Big, small) Jack is gaining weight. He can't wear his old coat. It's
It's not
4.
(Short, tall) Cindy can't reach the book on the top shelf. She's
She's not
5.
(Cold, hot) I don't want to finish my coffee because it's
It's not _ __.
6.
(Weak, strong) Ron can't lift the heavy box. He's not _ _
He's _ _.
7.
(Sweet, sour) I don't want to finish eating this orange. It's _
It's not _ _ .
8.
(Old, fresh) Don't buy that fruit. It's _ it’s not _ _
9.
(Young, old) Jimmy is an infant. He can't talk yet. He's not.
He's _ .
10.
(Strong, weak) This coffee looks like dirty water. It's not .
11.
(Big, small) I can put my dictionary in my shirt pocket. My pocket is .
It's not
12.
(Comfortable, I don't want to sit in that chair. It's
Uncomfortable) It's not
13.
(Wide, narrow), Anne and Sue can't carry the love seat through the door. It is
Large, small) The door isn’t The love seat is _
The love seat isn’t
Página 41
BE + ABLE TO
VOCABULARY
Disappointed
Frustrated
Full
Tired
Shy
Scare
Upset
Crowded
Weak
Stop the burglar
Catch a butterfly
Run / broken leg
1. He wasn’t able to answer the questionnaire at the interview. Now he is too disappointed.
2. He wasn’t able to finish his work on time. He was too frustrated.
3. He wasn’t able to eat up all the cakel. He was too full.
4. Fish cleaning / tired 5. Give the talk / shy 6. Sleep well / scared 7. Turn on the computer / upset
8. Sit on the bus / crowded 9. Lift weight / weak 10. Stop the burglar / slow 11.catch a butterfly / fast
UNIT
Página 42
GRAMMAR FLASH
Be + able to
Affirmative
Simple Present
I can cook.
I am able to cook.
Simple Past
I could cook.
I was able to cook.
will-future
can't be formed
I will be able to cook.
Negative
Simple Present
I can’t cook.
I am not able to cook.
Simple Past
I couldn’t cook .
I was not able to cook.
will-future
can't be formed.
I won't be able to cook.
Interrogative
Simple Present
Can you cook?
Are you able to cook?
Simple Past
Could you cook?
Were you able to cook?
will-future
can't be formed
Will you be able to cook?
DRILLS
Teacher
Students
I can dance
I am able to dance
She can dance
. . .
She is able to dance
They
. . .
We
. . .
He
. . .
You
. . .
I couldn’t dance
. . .
I wasnt able to dance
She
. . .
They
. . .
We
. . .
She
. . .
Página 43
EXERCISES
Rewrite the sentences using be able to.
1. I can be here tomorrow at ten o’clock. (future)
_______________________________________________________
2. Mark can speak three languages. (Present)
_______________________________________________________
3. Two students could not finish the test. (past)
_______________________________________________________
4. Animals can’t speak. (present)
_______________________________________________________
5. Can you touch your toes? (present)
_______________________________________________________
6. Sue can get her own apartment next year. (future)
_______________________________________________________
7. Could you do the homework yesterday? (past)
_______________________________________________________
8. I am sorry that I couldn’t call you last night. (past)
_______________________________________________________
9. Can we take vacations on the moon in about 10 years from now?
Choose the correct tense of be able to to complete the sentences below.
1. ___________________________ (they/play) tennis well?
2. She _____________________(not/understand) the question yesterday.
3. Fred ___________________ (speak) Russian when he was six years old.
4. When _________________________________(you/come) tomorrow?
5. Unfortunately, they ______________ (not, get) the bread this morning.
6. I ________________________________ (not / play) golf last Thursday.
7. _________________________________ (you / speak) Japanese?
8. _________________________ (he / come) to the party next weekend.
9. They ____________(get) tickets to the Rolling Stones concert last week.
Página 44
CHAT TIME
A. Was he able to basketball
when he was a kid.
B. No, he wasn’t. He was too short.
Were you able to go sailing last
weekend? (windy)
_______________________________________
Was he able to sit on the bus.
(Crowded)
_________________________
_________________________
ORAL PRACTICE
Make questions using (BE + ABLE TO) and ask your classmates. Find out what were they able to
do when they were kids. Report it to the rest of the group.
1. Study for the test / tired ….
Were you able to study for the test? No, I wasn’t. I was too tired.
2. Finish his meal / full _________________________________________________
3. What were you able to do when you were 5 years old? _____________________________
4. Were you able to ride a bicycle when you were 5 years old? _________________________
5. How old were you when you were able to go out at night alone?
_______________________________________________________________________
6. How old were you when you were able to drive? _____________________________
Página 45
LET’S MOVE ON
Will she be able to graduate?
Yes, she will, as long as
she studies hard.
Get a job / dress well
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Arrive on time / get up early
______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
Walk on her hands / practice a lot
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
He will be able to go as long as he gets the money.
(If)
Página 46
HOMEWORK
READING ACTIVITY
MRS. MURPHY'S STUDENTS COULDN'T DO THEIR HOMEWORK
Mrs. Murphy doesn't know what to do
with her students today. They didn't do
their homework last night, and now she
can't teach the lesson she prepared.
Bob couldn't do his homework because
he had a stomach-ache. Sally couldn't do
her homework because she was tired and
fell asleep early. John couldn't do his homework because he had to visit his
grandmother in the hospital. Donna couldn't do her homework because she had to
take care of her baby sister while her mother worked late at the office. And all the
other students couldn't do their homework because there was a blackout in their
neighborhood last night.
All the students promise Mrs. Murphy they'll be able to do their homework tonight. She
certainly hopes so.
Mrs. Murphy is asking her students about their homework Using this model, create dialogs
based on the story
A.
Bob? Where's your homework?
B.
I'm sorry, Mrs. Murphy. I couldn't do it.
A.
You couldn't? Why not?
B.
/ had a stomach-ache.
A.
Will you do your homework tonight?
B.
Yes. I promise.
THE BATHROOM PIPE IS BROKEN
Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are very frustrated.
A pipe broke in their bathroom yesterday
while Mr. Wilson was taking a shower.
They called the plumber, but she couldn't
come yesterday. She was sick. She can't
come today either. She's too busy. And,
unfortunately, she won't be able to come
tomorrow because tomorrow is Sunday,
and she doesn't work on Sundays.
Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are afraid they won't be able to use their shower for quite a while.
Página 47
That's why they're so frustrated.
READING CHECK - UP ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1. Could the plumber come to the Wilson’s' house yesterday? Why not?
_______________________________________________________
2. Can she come to their house today? Why not?
_______________________________________________________
3. Will she be able to come to their house tomorrow? Why not?
_______________________________________________________
Mr. Wilson is calling the plumber again. Choose the correct words and then practice the
conversation.
A. Hello. This is Mr. Wilson. You (have to, got to) send someone to fix our bathroom pipe. I’ve
(have to, got to) take a shower!
B. I'm sorry, Mr. Wilson. You've (have to, got to) understand. We (can't aren't) able to send a
plumber right now. I (have to, have) a big job to do on the other side of town, and my assistant
(has, has to ) got to help me. We won't (can't, be able to) come over for a few more days.
THE TELEVISIÓN IS BROKEN
Timmy Brown and his brother and sister are
very frustrated. Their television broke
yesterday while they were watching their
favorite TV program. Their parents called the
TV repairperson, but he couldn't come yesterday.
He was fixing televisions on the other side of town.
He can't come today either. His repair truck is broken.
And, unfortunately, he won't be able to come tomorrow
because he'll be out of town. Timmy Brown and his brother
and sister are afraid they won't be able to watch TV for quite a while. That's why they're so
frustrated.
CHOOSE
1. Could the TV repairperson come to the Browns' house yesterday? Why not?
_____________________________________________________________
2. Can he come to their house today? Why not?
_____________________________________________________________
3. Will he be able to come to their house tomorrow? Why not?
Página 48
SHOULD & MUST
`
1. Smoke / lungs
2. Drink / drive
3. Lift heavy things back
4. ice cream / heart
5. Brush / teeth
6. Listen to loud music /
ears
7. Wear my glasses / eyes
8. Play soccer / knees
9. Go on a diet / weight
UNIT 7
Página 49
GRAMMAR FLASH
Must / a modal verb
In the affirmative ………………………………….
obligation
Ex: You must study a lot to learn English
In the negative ………………………………………
prohibition.
Ex: You mustn’t smoke in public places
Write if it is an obligation or a prohibition.
1.- We don’t have any shampoo. We must / mustn’t go to the supermarket. ________________
2.- You must / mustn’t wash your teeth before going to sleep. __________________________
3.- We must / mustn’t eat in the classroom. _______________________________________
4.-You must / mustn’t eat fruit and vegetables to be healthy. ___________________________
5.- Shhh! You must / mustn’t talk loud in the library. __________________________________
DRILLS
Teacher Students
I must pay attention
She
. . .
I must pay attention
They
. . .
We
. . .
You
. . .
Study more
. . .
She
. . .
He
…..
I
You / smoke in class
eat
Página 50
CHAT TIME
A. should I stop smoking.
B. Well, you must stop smoking,
if you Don’t, you’re going to have serious Problems with your
lungs someday.
Should she stop drinking and driving?
_____________________________________________________________________
If she doesn’t , __________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Should she stop eating ice cream?
_____________________________________________________________________
If she doesn’t , __________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Should she stop drinking and driving?
_____________________________________________________________________
If she doesn’t , __________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Should he brush his teeth everyday?
_____________________________________________________________________
If she doesn’t , __________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Página 51
CHOOSE MUST OR MUSTN’T
In soccer you (1) must/mustn't
touch the ball with your hands.
You (2) must/mustn't kick the ball,
not the other players. You (3) must/mustn't always do what the referee says
and you (4) must/mustn't argue with him. You (5) must/mustn't stop playing
when the referee blows his whistle. A red card means that you (6)
must/mustn't leave the game.
Terry had his yearly check-up today. The Doctor told him he’s a little too
heavy and put him on this diet:
Terry´s
eating habits
-
Bread
Cookies Fatty
meat snacks
Diet
Fish
Vegetables
Fruits
Doctor´s recommendation:
You must eat less bread, fewer cookies,
less fatty meat, and fewer snacks. Also,
you must eat more fish, more
vegetables, and more fruit.
Monica also had her annual checkup today.
The doctor told her, she’s over weight and gave her this diet.
Monica´s
eating habits
-
Candy
Potatoes Rice
Rich desserts
Diet
Fruits
Vegetables
Lean meat
Yogurt
Diego was worried about his heart. This is what the doctor told him.
Diego´s
eating
habits
Cheese Butter
Fatty meat Ice
cream
Diet
Water
Vegetable Lean
meat
soap
Página 52
HOMEWORK
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH MUST OR MUSTN’T AND A VERB
FROM THE BOX
RE
A
DI
N
G
Tr
av
el
ro
u
n
d
H
o
n
g
K
o
n
g
Th
e
Ho
ng
Ko
ng
Me
You must NOT eat or drink in
class.
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
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tro (MTR) is very popular. It is one of the cleanest and most
comfortable metro systems in the world. However, there are some
strict rules to make sure that it stays this way:
• You must have a valid ticket to travel.
• You mustn’t eat or drink on trains. Fines are up to HKD$5,000!
• You must stand behind the yellow line on the platform.
• You mustn’t take bikes on trains.
• You mustn’t shout. A guard may ask you to leave the train if you do!
• You mustn’t play musical instruments, dance or sing on trains.
Write down some things you must do or must not do in the Metro.
Affirmative
You must have a valid ticket.
Negative
You mustn’t eat on the train.
COMPLETE THE READING WITH MUST OR MUSTN´T
In a minute, we’re going to get on the
cable car. I don’t want any problems, so you (a)
must follow these rules. You can stand if you
want to, but you (b)________stand on the seats. You
(c)_______respect the other passengers, so you
(d)__________ play music or shout. You
(e)____________ block the doors with your bags. If
the car is full, you (f) __________ offer your seat to
an olderperson. And you (g) ___________eat or
drinkon the cable car.
You (h) ______________wait until we get off.
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VOCABULARY
`
1. Hear
2. Smell
3. See
4. Speak
5. Snore
6. Cry
7. Whisper
8. Somebody in the bath
room
9. Somebody at the
door
UNIT 8
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GRAMMAR FLASH
SOME – ANY
STATEMENT
QUESTION
NEGATIVE
There is someone at the
door
Is there anybody at the
door?
No, there isn’t anybody at
the door.
I have some cookies.
Do you have any
cookies?
No, I don’t have any
cookies.
DRILLS
Teacher Students
There is somebody in the room There’s somebody in the room.
Someone . . .
In the house . . .
Question . . .
Negative . . .
Affirmative . . .
I saw somebody dancing . . .
Someone . . .
(Questions did you) . . .
Affirmative . . .
Negative . . . _
Fill in the blanks below to complete the sentences. Use ‘some’ or ‘any’.
1. I don’t need ___________ money because I’m going to bring my lunch to school.
2. He doesn’t have ___________ pens, but I have ___________ pens.
3. Our teacher didn’t give us ___________ homework yesterday.
4. I’m tired. Do we have ___________ time to take a nap?
5. A: Do they have ___________ library cards?
B: No, they don’t have ___________.
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z
z
CHAT TIME
Did you hear anybody snoring?
Yes, I heard somebody snoring
Did you hear anybody singing?
No, I didn’t hear anybody singing
What did you hear?
I heard somebody snoring
ORAL PRACTICE
Ask questions base on the pictures from the vocabulary page. Use the dialogue above as a
model.
A.Is anybody crying?
B.Yes, somebody is crying.
OR
No, nobody is crying.
A._____________________
B. ____________________
_____________________
_____________________
A.Do you hear anybody
talking?
B.Yes, ______________________.
OR
No, _________________________
A.____________________________?
B.Yes,______________________.
OR
No, _______________________
A._________________________ ?
B.Yes, ______________________.
OR
No, _________________________
A._________________________?
B.Yes, _____________________.
OR
No, ______________________
Fill in the gaps with some, any, a or an
1. There are .......... potatoes on the table
a) some b) any c) a d) an
2. Are there ....... books on your desk?
a) some b) any c) a d) an
3. Is there ........ coffee left?
a) some b) any c) a d) an
4. Have you got ....... brothers or
sisters?
a) some b) any c) a d) an
5. He hasn't got ........ money
a) some b) any c) a d) an
6. He never wears .......... uniform
a) some b) any c) a d) an
7. There aren't ........ tickets for the
concert left
a) some b) any c) a d) an
8. There are ......... apples in the basket
(cesta)
a) some b) any c) a d) an
9. She isn't wearing ........ dress
a) some b) any c) a d) an
10. Is there ........ sugar in your tea?
a) some b) any c) a d) an
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HOMEWORK
Circle the correct answers.
1. There aren’t some / any help.
2. Do you know some / any Americans?
3. We need some / any more coffee.
4. She’s got some / any interesting friends.
5. I didn’t have some / any breakfast today.
6. He hasn’t done some / any work for ten years.
7. Have you got some / any brothers and sisters?
8. I’m having some / any problems with my car.
9. Are there some / any restaurants near here?
Fill in: some, any, somewhere, anywhere, someone, anyone, something and
anything.
1. Would you like_____________ more tea? – Yes, please. – But I haven’t got
_____________left.
2. _______________ closed the door and locked us out.
3. If you have _______________ questions, please ask me.
4. The map must be _______________ around here. I need it
5. I don’t drink _______________ alcohol at all.
6. I have got _______________ in my eye. Could you take it out?
7. I would like _______________ sandwiches with egg, but we don’t have
_______________
bread left.
8. I put my purse here but _______________ must have taken it. I can’t find it
______________ .
9. I think _______________ rang the doorbell. I checked it but there wasn’t
_______________
there.
10. If you can’t tell me _______________ new then don’t call me.
11. We usually go to the bar around the corner but today we went _______________ else.
12. There are more and more thunderstorms in our area. I’m sure it has _______________
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to do
with global warming.
13. Can I have _______________ sweets please? – Of course you can.
14. My teacher asked me _______________ but I didn’t give him _______________
answer. I was
looking _______________ else.
15. I need _______________ milk. - Have you got _______________ ?
16. We have been looking for _______________ to live but Vienna is simply too expensive.
17. The children played _______________ nice games at the birthday party.
18. Have you seen my keys _______________ ? – I have put them down
_______________ .
19. Please tell me if you find _______________ on the Internet. I have done a lot of
research, but I
haven’t found _______________ yet.
20. Can I have _______________ to drink?
21. We always stay at home. We never go _______________ .
22. _______________ must have scared him. I have never seen him like this before.
23. _______________ of my CDs are broken because I left them _______________ on the
floor.
24. Has _______________ seen my bag?
25. Hannah shouldn’t smoke _______________ cigarettes. She’s got _______________
problems
with her health.
26. Luis isn’t _______________ smarter than Jane.
27. Have you got _______________ brothers and sisters?
28. Don’t you know _______________ good restaurants around here?
29. There wasn’t _______________ at home, so we went.
30. I don’t know our exact location, but it must be _______________ near Berlin
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REFLEXIVES
VOCABULARY
1.
Get dressed
2.
Wash – car
3.
Make lunch
4.
Do – homework
5.
Feed the duck
6.
Fix the car
7.
Go fishing
8.
Write an essay
9.
Shine shoes
UNIT 9
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GRAMMAR FLASH
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
HELPED
Myself
Yourself
Himself
Herself
Itself
Ourselves
Yourselves
themselves
We can also use reflexive pronouns for emphasis (as “intensive pronouns”).
For example, “I did the homework myself”
emphasizes the fact that nobody helped me to do my homework.
Complete each of the sentences below.
1. My brother likes to practice his English by talking to ______________________.
2. James wasn’t careful and he cut ______________________ with a knife.
3. My sister and I looked at ______________________ in the mirror.
4. The repair shop was closed, so I fixed the car ______________________.
5. Did you enjoy ___________________________ at the party last night?
6. Cats can get clean by licking ___________________________.
7. (A) Did the cleaners cleaned the house? (B) No, I did it ______________________!
8. Mr. Smith burned ______________________ while he was cooking.
9. He dried ______________________ after he took a shower and went downstairs.
10. Can you teach ______________________ to play the piano?
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DRILLS
Teacher Students
I am fixing my car by myself I am fixing my car by myself
She
. . .
They
. . .
We
. . .
You
. . .
Who is she doing the homework with (answer)
Who are they doing the homework with (answer)
CHAT TIME
A.
What is he doing?
B.
He is washing his car
A. If he needs any help, I’ll be glad
to help him.
B. No, that’s o.k. he can wash
it by himself.
A.What is he doing?
____________________________________
B.If he needs any help, I´ll be glad to help _____
No, that´s ok. __________________________
___________________________________________
A. What is She doing?
____________________________________
B .If She needs any help, I´ll be glad to help _____
A. No, that´s ok. __________________________
___________________________________________________
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ORAL PRACTICE
Fill in the blanks and practice the dialogue with your partner.
A.
What did Fabian do yesterday?
B.
He went fishing.
A.
Who did he go fishing with?
B.
Nobody, he went fishing by himself.
(write an essay)
A. What did you _________________________________?
B. ___________________________________________________
C. Who _____________________________________________
D. Nobody, ________________________________________
(fix the car)
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
(do the homework )
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
( plant a tree)
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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FILL IN THE BLANKS AND READ EACH ONE ALOUD.
A. Insert the missing pronoun.
1. ______ washed myself.
2. ______ looked at himself in the
mirror.
3. _______ didn’t hurt herself.
4. _______ burnt yourselves with the
candles.
5. _______ enjoyed themselves at
the party.
6. _______ fell off the ladder and
hurt himself.
7. ______ only think about yourself.
8. Sometimes ______ talk to myself.
9. _______ cut herself with a knife.
10. ______ behaved ourselves at
school.
11. ______ live by yourself.
12. ______ went to Paris by
themselves.
13. ______ paid for myself.
14. ______ travelled by ourselves.
15. ______ did the homework by
herself.
16. ______ have to behave
yourselves.
17. ______ did it by myself.
18. ______ shaved himself.
B. Fill in the blanks with the right
reflexive pronoun.
1. I am angry with _______________.
2. Peter lost ___________ in the
jungle.
3. Mary looked at ________ in the
mirror.
4. Help __________!
5. We burnt _________ when we were
cooking.
6. My father shaves ________ every
morning.
7. You only think about ___________.
8. They enjoyed _________ last
summer.
9. I don’t recognize ___________.
10.We must do things by
_____________.
11.I would like to live by
______________.
12.Mary behaved __________ this
time.
13.We fell off the tree and we hurt
_______.
14.Many people enjoy ________
playing video games.
15.Goodbye! Be careful! Don’t hurt
_______.
16.We had a great time! We enjoyed
______ very much.
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READING COMPREHENSION
The Future of the World’s Weather
Nobody can be sure what the weather is going to be like in the
future, but many people think there are going to be some changes
Scientists say that in many places it's going to be hotter and it's
going to rain less. Countries in Africa and Asia are going to
become very dry all year, and it’s going to be impossible for people
to find food and water. In Southern Europe and the United States
it's going to be more difficult for plants to grow. people there are
also going to have problems finding food in the future.
Nobody knows exactly how much the temperature is going to go
up, but scientists say that the change is going to be at least 2"C.
They predict that the ice in the Arctic and the Antarctic is going to
melt in the next hundred years and a lot of the animals there are
going to die. There is also going to be more water in the oceans
of the world so cities on the coast are going to disappear.
Another problem is that the weather is going to become more
extreme. Scientists say that there are going to be more hurricanes
and typhoons in the future. These storms are going to happen all
over the world and many people are going to lose their home.
Look at the words in bold, what do they mean?
1 It's going to be very dry.
2 2 Plants aren’t going to grow.
3 A lot of the animals are going to die.
4 Cities are going to disappear.
5 There are going to be more storms.
a All over the world. b On the coast. c In Africa and Asia.
d In Southern Europe and the United States. e In the Arctic and
the Antarctic.
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HOMEWORK
Can you understand this text?
My name's Paola Bruno and I’m from Venice in ltaly. I'm
married and I have two children, a son and a daughter.
My son's name is Guido. He’s 15. He's tall with dark hair, and
he’s good-looking. My daughter’s name is Chiara. She’s 21.
She's dark too. She is beautiful? I think she is very beautiful -
I’m her mother!
My name’s Piotr and I’m from Kielce in Poland. I’m 20. I have
two sisters. Their names are Dagmara and Justyna. Dagmara
is 26- She’s tall, with long blonde hair. She’s married. Her
husband's name is Wojtek Justyna is l9 and very different
from Dagmara – she isn’t tall and blonde, she's short
with dark hair. She isn’t married.
Answer the questions with a sentence.
1. What’s Paola’s surname?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Where is Paola from?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. How old is Guido?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. What’s her daughter’s name?
…………………………………………………………………………………...
4. What nationality is Piotr?
………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Who is Dagmara?
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Is she married or single?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. How old is Justyna?
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
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Read the letter and underline the correct answer.
Fill in the blanks with myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves,
and themselves. Use so me words twice.
1. My sister looks at herself in the mirror about fifty times a day!
2. We enjoyed very much at the party.
3. I hurt while I was windsurfing.
4. The children were very hungry, so they fixed lots of sandwiches.
5. Don't fix the Walkman™ . Ask your dad to fix it.
6. He hurt while he was surfing.
7. I don't want your help. I can do it .
8. They are very good with their hands. They make their clothes .
Dear Sarah,
I'm having a great time here in San Francisco. Californians
sure know how to enjoy ourselves / themselves! Yesterday Joe
and I went to the beach to go windsurfing. Joe hit a rock and hurt
himself/ myself, but he was OK. There was a cut on the board,
but we fixed
it ourselves / themselves. I'd like to buy a
windsurfer
yourself / myself one day, but I’ll have to move here first!
I love California. Come and see it himself / yourself!
Love,
Stev
e
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Fill in the blanks with one of the words in the box.
TOM: Dad, can you help me with this math problem?
DAD: Yes, but I can't help you now. Can you do it _yourself ? I have to fix Paul's bike.
TOM: Can't he fix it ? DAD: Well, I have to wash Mom's car. TOM: Can't she wash it ?
DAD: I'm going to build a shelf for you and Paul today.
TOM: It's OK. We can do it .
DAD: I have to paint the garden wall.
TOM: It's OK. The neighbours can do it .
DAD: Well, I’ll help you then.
TOM: It's too late. I just did it !
Themselves himself myself yourself herself ourselves